A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electric energy from one coil, or winding to another by electromagnetic induction. The transferred energy may be at a higher or lower voltage. Transformers can operate only on alternating current (AC) or on direct current with a superimposed AC component (pulsting DC).
Transformer are generally classes as step-up or step-down transformer. A step-up trnasformer increases the voltage, a step-down transformer reduces it. At electric generating plants, step up transformers (called generators transformers) increase the generator voltage to a higher voltage, which is then transmitted through power lines over long distances with little loss. In the locally where the electricity will be used, step down transformer makes the final step down in voltage for homes and businesses. Consumers may use additional step down transformers to operate such devices as doorbells and loy electric trains.
The operation of the transformer is based on the principle discoverd in 1830 by Joseph Henry that electrical energy can be transfered efficiently by mutual electromagnetic induction from one winding to another. When the primary winding is energized by an AC source, an alternating magnetic flux is astablished in the transformer core. This flux links the turns of both primary and secondary, thereby inducing voltages in them. Because the same flux cuts both windings, the same voltage is induce in each turn of both windings. The total induced voltage in each winding is therefore proportional to the number of turn in that winding. This proportion is known as the turns ratio, which when multipled by the applied voltage, determines the secondary voltage. The primary is always connected to the source of power, and the secondary winding receives the electrical energy by mutual induction from the primary winding and delivers it to the connected electric load. In some transformer windings, taps are provided so that less than the full number of turns may be used.
Transformers are built in single phase and polyphase units. Most power and distribution systems use three phase lines. A three phase transformer consists of separate insulated windings for the different phases. The windings are wound on a three legged core capable of establishing three magnetic fluxes displaced by 120 in time phase. Transformer may be classed according to the frequency range for which they are designed, such as audio frequency, power frequency, and radio frequency.
Monday, July 27, 2009
Tuesday, July 21, 2009
Black Berry Indonesia
Even Black Berry phone already down but this review may still value for black berry phone idol. Straight phone cell competition marketing on the world like Nokia, Sony Ericson and BlackBerry have compete on create of new phone cell type, in order to attract of phone cell customer to their product.
BlackBerry that is available for Indonesia area are:
Black Berry Bold
Feature:
With email, phone, IM and the Internet, it can connect you1. With an integrated organizer.. With camera and video recording. And that’s just the beginning. Learn about these great features
Features Available:
Black Berry Storm Specification
Features Available:
Sleek new twist on a classic style. You can keep your finger on the pulse of what’s important to you with the BlackBerry® Curve™ 8900 smartphone. The striking 480x360-pixel screen offers up crisp on-the-go video, images, text, maps and more. With a refined design, the BlackBerry Curve 8900 smartphone is an easy-to-use device that delivers expanded functionality and reliable results.
Available Features:
Height: 4.29 inches (109 mm)
Width: 2.36 inches (60 mm)
Depth: 0.53 inches (13.5 mm)
Weight: 3.87 ounces (109.9 grams)
Black Berry Pearl
Black berry pearl available in 5 types:
BlackBerry that is available for Indonesia area are:
Black Berry Bold
Feature:
- Requires activation with data plan.
- Depending on the amount of built-in memory available for use, a third-party microSD card may need to be properly inserted into the BlackBerry smartphone to enable the video recording feature. MicroSD cards may be sold separately.
- Actual speeds may vary by carrier and are dependent on network load.
- Only available where BlackBerry Maps service is available.
- Wi-Fi access may be blocked in certain locations. Users should also investigate the level of security available on any Wi-Fi network they are considering connecting to.
- Requires BlackBerry Enterprise Server v4.1.5
- WordToGo does not support Microsoft Word 2007
- The BlackBerry Bold smartphone is designed to access 3GPP RTSP mobile streaming websites. Check with your service provider for supported features and services.
- Results may vary. Network availability and coverage affect battery life and are dependent upon a number of factors, including location and transmission environment.
With email, phone, IM and the Internet, it can connect you1. With an integrated organizer.. With camera and video recording. And that’s just the beginning. Learn about these great features
- Advanced Phone Features
- Instant Messaging
- Internet Browser
- Camera and Video Recording
Features Available:
- Wireless email
- Organizer
- Browser
- Phone
- Camera (2.0 MP)
- Video Recording
- BlackBerry® Maps
- Media Player
- Built-in GPS
- Wi-Fi® Support
- Corporate data access
- SMS
- MMS
- Length: 4.48"/114mm
- Width: 2.6"/66mm
- Depth: 0.59"/15mm
- Weight: 4.8 oz/136g
- Trackball
- QWERTY (Keyboard)
- Keyboard backlighting
- Voice Input/Output
- 3.5mm stereo headset capable
- Integrated earpiece/ microphone
- Built-in speakerphone
- Bluetooth® v2.0; mono/stereo headset, handsfree and Serial Port Profile supported. Bluetooth Stereo Audio (A2DP/AVCRP) (Bluetooth technology)
- Video format support: DivX 4, DivX 5/6 partially supported, XviD partially supported, H.263, H.264, WMV3
- Audio format support: .3gp, MP3, WMA9 (.wma/.asf), WMA9 Pro/WMA 10, MIDI, AMR-NB, Professional AAC/AAC+/eAAC+
- Half VGA resolution 480 x 320 pixel color display
- Transmissive TFT LCD, supports over 65,000 colors
- Font size (user selectable)
- Backlighting
- Light sensing screen
- Polyphonic/MIDI ringtones
- 32 polyphonic ringtones – MIDI, SP-MDI, MP3, WAV
- Vibrate mode
- LED indicator
- Up to 13.5 days (Standby time)
- Up to 4.5 hours (Talk time)
- Expandable memory – support for microSD™ card
- 1GB On-board + 128 MB Flash
- RIM® wireless modem
- Tethered modem capability
- Works with BlackBerry® Enterprise Server for Microsoft® Exchange
- Works with BlackBerry® Enterprise Server for IBM® Lotus® Domino®
- Works with BlackBerry® Enterprise Server for Novell® GroupWise®
- Integrates with an existing enterprise email account
- Integrates with existing personal email account
- Integrates with optional new device account
- USB cable
- Wall charger
- Password protection and keyboard lock
Support for AES or Triple DES encryption when integrated with BlackBerry® Enterprise - Server
- FIPS Compliant Encryption (Validation In Progress)
- Optional support for S/MIME
- Wi-Fi: 802.11a/b/g
- UMTS: 2100/1900/850 MHz
- GSM®: 1900/1800/900/850 MHz
- North America: 850 MHz GSM/GPRS networks
- North America: 1900MHz GSM®/GPRS networks
- Europe/Asia Pacific: 1800MHz GSM/GPRS networks
- Europe/Asia Pacific: 900MHz GSM/GPRS networks
- EDGE networks
- HSDPA networks
Black Berry Storm Specification
Features Available:
- Wireless email
- Organizer
- Browser
- Phone
- Camera
- Video recording
- BlackBerry® Maps
- Media player
- Built-in GPS
- Corporate data access
- SMS
- MMS
- Length: 4.43"/112.5mm
- Width: 2.45"/62.2mm
- Depth: 0.55"/13.95mm
- Weight: 5.5 oz/155g
- SurePress™ touch screen
- On screen keyboard: portrait SureType® and Multi-tap, QWERTY landscape
- 3.5mm stereo headset capable
- Integrated earpiece/ microphone
- Built-in speakerphone
- Bluetooth® v2.0; mono/stereo headset, handsfree, phone book access profile, and serial port profile supported (Bluetooth® technology)
- MPEG4 H.263, MPEG4 Part 2 Simple Profile, H.264, WMV (Video format support)
- MP3, AAC, AAC+, eAAC+, WMA, WMA ProPlus (Audio format support)
- High resolution 480 x 360 pixel color (Display)
- Transmissive TFT LCD
- Font size (user selectable)
- Color display
- Light sensing screen
- Polyphonic/MIDI ringtones
- MP3 ringtones
- Vibrate mode
- LED indicator
- Up to 15 days (Standby time)
- Up to 5.5 hours (Talk time)
- Expandable memory – support for microSD card
- 1 GB (Onboard memory)
- 128 MB Flash (Flash memory)
- RIM® wireless modem
- Tethered modem capability
- Works with BlackBerry® Enterprise Server for Microsoft® Exchange
- Works with BlackBerry® Enterprise Server for IBM® Lotus® Domino®
- Works with BlackBerry® Enterprise Server for Novell® GroupWise®
- Integrates with an existing enterprise email account
- Password protection and screen lock
- Sleep mode
- Support for AES or Triple DES encryption when integrated with BlackBerry® Enterprise Server
- FIPS 140-2 Compliant (FIPS Validation in Progress) (FIPS validation)
- Optional support for S/MIME
- UMTS/HSPA networks: 2100 MHz
- North America: 850 MHz GSM/GPRS networks
- North America: 1900MHz GSM®/GPRS networks
- Europe/Asia Pacific: 1800MHz GSM/GPRS networks
- Europe/Asia Pacific: 900MHz GSM/GPRS networks
Sleek new twist on a classic style. You can keep your finger on the pulse of what’s important to you with the BlackBerry® Curve™ 8900 smartphone. The striking 480x360-pixel screen offers up crisp on-the-go video, images, text, maps and more. With a refined design, the BlackBerry Curve 8900 smartphone is an easy-to-use device that delivers expanded functionality and reliable results.
Available Features:
- Camera (3.2 MP)
- Wi-Fi® Support
- Built-in GPS
- Enhanced Media Player
- Video Recording
- BlackBerry® Maps
- Wireless Email
- Organizer
- Browser
- Phone
- Corporate Data Access
- SMS/MMS
Height: 4.29 inches (109 mm)
Width: 2.36 inches (60 mm)
Depth: 0.53 inches (13.5 mm)
Weight: 3.87 ounces (109.9 grams)
Black Berry Pearl
Black berry pearl available in 5 types:
- BlackBerry Pearl 8100
- BlackBerry Pearl 8110
- BlackBerry Pearl 8120
- BlackBerry Pearl 8130
- BlackBerry Pearl Flip 8220
Thursday, July 16, 2009
New Sony Ericson XPERIA X2
Sony Ericson release new mobile phone model XPERIA X2 after the last generation of XPERIA X1. This new model of XPERIA X2 will include of more handset that easy and fast to operate. As of the primarily model of X1 this smart phone cell using touch screen and many feature that available to help people that using this phone cell.
As many model of Sony Ericson phone cell have superior on their sound, the sound very clear and beauty, one of the benefit if using this phone compare with Nokia. Many model of Nokia phone cell win on battery but bad in voice. Completed with Windows Mobile phone, that is bigger than last generation. X2 apply a horizontal slider with similar interface such as EPERIA X1.
Using of Windows Vista Mobile OS and it’s not the first time of such futuristic specs on a Sony Ericsson device. This XPERIA X2 concept is a smartphone with a 3G camera, 2 game buttons, a 3.9 inch widescreen multitouch display and a D-pad.
EXPERIA X2 is using a sliding backpanel that covers a 5.0 megapixel camera with autofocus and a sliding touchscreen keyboard. The concept belongs to Laus Nissen and this version of the X2 seems a little less credible than the first one.
As many model of Sony Ericson phone cell have superior on their sound, the sound very clear and beauty, one of the benefit if using this phone compare with Nokia. Many model of Nokia phone cell win on battery but bad in voice. Completed with Windows Mobile phone, that is bigger than last generation. X2 apply a horizontal slider with similar interface such as EPERIA X1.
Using of Windows Vista Mobile OS and it’s not the first time of such futuristic specs on a Sony Ericsson device. This XPERIA X2 concept is a smartphone with a 3G camera, 2 game buttons, a 3.9 inch widescreen multitouch display and a D-pad.
EXPERIA X2 is using a sliding backpanel that covers a 5.0 megapixel camera with autofocus and a sliding touchscreen keyboard. The concept belongs to Laus Nissen and this version of the X2 seems a little less credible than the first one.
Saturday, July 11, 2009
Calculator
Electronic calculators are the modern counterparts of the adding machine but are able to perform many more functions.
Principles Work
Calculators are a direct outgrowth of digital technology. In some calculators commands are permanently built into the system. The commands are programmed, that is planned so that one command follow another, in groups called microprogrammed routines. Such programming provide a way of drastically reducing the cost of the integrated circuit that constitute a calculator's many circuitry. The programs, however, cannot be changed by an operator.
By contrast, in calculators that can be programmed by an operator, some or all the stored commands can be changed. Thus a so-called programmable calculator is actually a simple micro-computer, one that is programmed from a special keyboard rather than by using a symbolic computer language.
Components
In a hand held programmable calculator, the principle of programmed calculator, the principles of programmed systems are applied in a way similar to that of a computer. Four main functions are involved; input, storage, processing, and output, input involves taking information from switches operated by the keyboard, and translating it into digital code. Storage, or memory, involve holding information based on the old, and output is the display of this information by means of light emitting diodes. The magnetic card system used in such calculators corresponds to a computer's magnetic tape unit, but it can store only instructions, not numbers.
The memory consists of four different units, the program memory, the microprogram memory, the so-called constant memory, and the number memory. The processing parts consists of two sections; the controller and the arithmatic and logic unit (ALU).
Principles Work
Calculators are a direct outgrowth of digital technology. In some calculators commands are permanently built into the system. The commands are programmed, that is planned so that one command follow another, in groups called microprogrammed routines. Such programming provide a way of drastically reducing the cost of the integrated circuit that constitute a calculator's many circuitry. The programs, however, cannot be changed by an operator.
By contrast, in calculators that can be programmed by an operator, some or all the stored commands can be changed. Thus a so-called programmable calculator is actually a simple micro-computer, one that is programmed from a special keyboard rather than by using a symbolic computer language.
Components
In a hand held programmable calculator, the principle of programmed calculator, the principles of programmed systems are applied in a way similar to that of a computer. Four main functions are involved; input, storage, processing, and output, input involves taking information from switches operated by the keyboard, and translating it into digital code. Storage, or memory, involve holding information based on the old, and output is the display of this information by means of light emitting diodes. The magnetic card system used in such calculators corresponds to a computer's magnetic tape unit, but it can store only instructions, not numbers.
The memory consists of four different units, the program memory, the microprogram memory, the so-called constant memory, and the number memory. The processing parts consists of two sections; the controller and the arithmatic and logic unit (ALU).
Monday, July 6, 2009
How to write HTML Code For Mathematic
If we want to write something on our blog, sometime have some difficulties becouse the tools is not as complete as on words. Of course we can use word then copy to the blog or sent by email, but the format of our blog sometimes not in a good format.
So in order we can write with qualified article, we also should be known what the code such as for upperscript or lowerscript. For this purpose we just use an html code for upperscript (sup) and end with (/sup), and for lower script we use (sub) and (/sub) in the end of code, just replace the "(" and ")" sign with "<" or ">" because I cannot show to you using this sign dirrectly when write on blog, because computer will change those code as HTML code.
While for write other symbol for mathematics like sigma, alpha, and others (√ ∑ µ £ ξ ρ σ α) we can just copy from word, because this blog will recognize it.
So in order we can write with qualified article, we also should be known what the code such as for upperscript or lowerscript. For this purpose we just use an html code for upperscript (sup) and end with (/sup), and for lower script we use (sub) and (/sub) in the end of code, just replace the "(" and ")" sign with "<" or ">" because I cannot show to you using this sign dirrectly when write on blog, because computer will change those code as HTML code.
While for write other symbol for mathematics like sigma, alpha, and others (√ ∑ µ £ ξ ρ σ α) we can just copy from word, because this blog will recognize it.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)